What is climate 2/4

Climate variability

Climate is not static – it’s always changing, shaped by natural forces and human influences. On the one hand, internal processes within the Earth system drive change through complex interactions between the atmosphere, oceans, ice sheets, and ecosystems. On the other hand, external factors like shifts in the Earth’s orbit, changes in solar activity, and volcanic eruptions also play a role. But in recent times, human activities have become a major driver of change – through greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, and land use changes that disrupt the planet’s natural balance.