Learning objectives 4/4

Frames are the ways facts or claims are presented to influence how we think about an issue. A frame highlights certain aspects of reality while downplaying others. For instance, climate change can be framed as a scientific issue, an economic threat, or a moral responsibility. The frame affects how we interpret the message, even if the content stays the same.

Narratives are broader, more powerful stories that give meaning to events, facts, claims, and frames. They often appeal to emotions, values, or identity. Disinformation narratives about climate change might claim, for instance, that “climate change is a hoax used to control people” or that “climate action is a threat to national sovereignty.” These narratives are not just incorrect—they are designed to shape public opinion and behaviour in ways that delay climate solutions.

By understanding how disinformation narratives are built—using unverified claims, selective facts, strategic framing, and persuasive storytelling—we can better spot misleading content and make informed decisions.