Learning objectives 3/4

Core terms: Understanding facts, claims, frames & narratives

To recognise and respond to climate change disinformation, it’s important to understand the difference between facts, claims, frames, and narratives—four elements that shape how we receive and interpret information.

Facts are pieces of information that can be proven true through evidence. For example, “Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere” is a fact supported by decades of scientific research.

Claims are statements that someone presents as true, but they may or may not be based on evidence. A claim needs to be checked before it can be accepted as a fact. For example, the statement “solar panels are more harmful to the environment than fossil fuels” is a claim—one that contradicts current scientific consensus and requires careful evaluation